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''Proteus vulgaris'' is a rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing, indole+ and catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-producing, Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. It can be found in soil, water, and fecal matter. It is grouped with the Enterobacteriaceae and is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. It is known to cause wound infections and other species of its genera are known to cause urinary tract infections. The term Proteus signifies changeability of form, as personified in the Homeric poems in Proteus, "the old man of the sea", who tends the sealflocks of Poseidon and has the gift of endless transformation. The first use of the term “Proteus” in bacteriological nomenclature was made by Hauser (1885), who described under this term three types of organisms which he isolated from putrefied meat. One of the three species Hauser identified was ''Proteus vulgaris'', so this organism has a long history in microbiology. Over the past two decades, the genus ''Proteus'', and in particular ''P. vulgaris'', has undergone a number of major taxonomic revisions. In 1982, ''P. vulgaris'' was separated into three biogroups on the basis of indole production. Biogroup one was indole negative and represented a new species, ''P. penneri'', while biogroups two and three remained together as ''P. vulgaris''. == Lab identification == According to laboratory fermentation tests, ''P. vulgaris'' ferments glucose and amygdalin, but does not ferment mannitol or lactose. ''P. vulgaris'' also tests positive for the methyl red (mixed acid fermentation) test and is also an extremely motile organism. When ''P. vulgaris'' is tested using the API 20E identification system〔(【引用サイトリンク】archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20081107051850/http://www.rlc.dcccd.edu/mathsci/reynolds/micro/lab_manual/API.html )〕 it produces positive results for sulfur reduction, urease production, tryptophan deaminase production, indole production, sometimes positive gelatinase activity, and saccharose fermentation, and negative results for the remainder of the tests on the testing strip. It is referenced in the Analytical Profile Index using the nine-digit code: 047602157. The optimal growing conditions of this organism is in a facultative anaerobic environment with an average temperature of about 40°C. The Becton/Dickinson BBL Enterotube II system for identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae inoculated with ''P. vulgaris'' may yield the following results: *Positive for glucose fermentation (with gas production) *Negative for lysine and ornithine *Positive for hydrogen sulfide production and indole production *Negative for adonitol and lactose *Negative for arabinose, sorbitol and dulcitol *Positive for the phenylalanine test and the Harnstoff urea test ''P. vulgaris'' can test positive or negative for citrate. All combine for a "Biocode ID of 31407" for use in the Interpretation Guide/Computer Coding and Identification System. ''P. vulgaris'' can also test urease negative in solid media (such as in Enterotube), but will be urease positive in liquid media. The CCIS code will still identify it with a negative urease test. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Proteus vulgaris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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